Comments

Post a Comment

Popular

C Programming Enumeration

Image
C Programming Enumeration In this article, you will learn to work with enumeration (enum). Also, you will learn where enums are commonly used in C programming. An enumeration is a user-defined data type that consists of integral constants. To define an enumeration, keyword  enum  is used. enum flag { const1, const2, ..., constN }; Here, name of the enumeration is  flag . And,  const1 ,  const2 ,....,  constN  are values of type  flag . By default,  const1  is 0,  const2   is 1 and so on. You can change default values of enum elements during declaration (if necessary). // Changing default values of enum enum suit { club = 0, diamonds = 10, hearts = 20, spades = 3, }; Enumerated Type Declaration When you create an enumerated type, only blueprint for the variable is created. Here's how you can create variables of enum type. enum boolean { false, true }; enum boolean check; Here, a variable  check  of type  enum boolean  is c
Read more

C switch...case Statement

Image
C switch...case Statement In this tutorial, you will learn to write a switch statement in C programming (with an example). The  if..else..if  ladder allows you to execute a block code among many alternatives. If you are checking on the value of a single variable in  if...else...if , it is better to use  switch statement. The switch statement is often faster than nested  if...else  (not always). Also, the syntax of switch statement is cleaner and easy to understand. Syntax of switch...case switch (n) ​{ case constant1: // code to be executed if n is equal to constant1; break; case constant2: // code to be executed if n is equal to constant2; break; . . . default: // code to be executed if n doesn't match any constant } When a case constant is found that matches the switch expression, control of the program passes to the block of code associated with that case. In the above pseudoco
Read more

List of all Keywords in C Language

Image
List of all Keywords in C Language This tutorial provides a brief information on all 32 keywords in C programming. Keywords in C Programming auto break case char const continue default do double else enum extern float for goto if int long register return short signed sizeof static struct switch typedef union unsigned void volatile while Description of all Keywords in C auto The auto keyword declares automatic variables. For example: auto int var1; This statement suggests that  var1  is a variable of storage class auto and type int. Variables declared within function bodies are automatic by default. They are recreated each time a function is executed. Since, automatic variables are local to a function, they are also called local variables.  break and continue The break statement makes program jump out of the innermost enclosing loop (while, do, for or switch statements) explicitly. The continue statement skips the certain statements inside t
Read more

C Programming Structure

Image
C Programming Structure In this article, you'll learn about structures in C programming; what is it, how to define it and use it in your program. Structure is a collection of variables of different types under a single name. For example:  You want to store some information about a person: his/her name, citizenship number and salary. You can easily create different variables  name, citNo, salary  to store these information separately. However, in the future, you would want to store information about multiple persons. Now, you'd need to create different variables for each information per person:  name1, citNo1, salary1, name2, citNo2, salary2 You can easily visualize how big and messy the code would look. Also, since no relation between the variables (information) would exist, it's going to be a daunting task. A better approach will be to have a collection of all related information under a single name  Person , and use it for every person. Now, the co
Read more

While and Do...While Loop

Image
C Programming while and do...while Loop Loops are used in programming to repeat a specific block of code. After reading this tutorial, you will learn how to create a while and do...while loop in C programming. Loops are used in programming to repeat a specific block until some end condition is met. There are three loops in C programming: for loop while loop do...while loop while loop The syntax of a while loop is: while (testExpression) { //codes } where,  testExpression  checks the condition is true or false before each loop. How while loop works? The while loop evaluates the test expression. If the test expression is true (nonzero), codes inside the body of while loop are exectued. The test expression is evaluated again. The process goes on until the test expression is false. When the test expression is false, the while loop is terminated. Flowchart of while loop Example #1: while loop // Program to find factorial of a number // Fo
Read more

C Preprocessor and Macros

Image
C Preprocessor and Macros In this article, you will be introduced to c preprocessors and you will learn to use #include, #define and conditional compilation. The C preprocessor is a macro preprocessor (allows you to define macros) that transforms your program before it is compiled. These transformations can be inclusion of header file, macro expansions etc. All preprocessing directives begins with a # symbol. For example, #define PI 3.14 Some of the common uses of C preprocessor are: Include header files Macros Conditional Compilation Diagnostics Line Control Pragmas Other Directives Preprocessor Output Including Header Files The #include preprocessor is used to include header files to a C program. For example, #include <stdio.h> Here,  "stdio.h"  is a header file. The  #include  preprocessor directive replaces the above line with the contents of  stdio.h  header file which contains function and macro definitions. That's the r
Read more

C Operators

Image
C Programming Operators C programming has various operators to perform tasks including arithmetic, conditional and bitwise operations. You will learn about various C operators and how to use them in this tutorial. An operator is a symbol which operates on a value or a variable. For example:  +  is an operator to perform addition. C programming has wide range of operators to perform various operations. For better understanding of operators, these operators can be classified as: Operators in C programming Arithmetic Operators Increment and Decrement Operators Assignment Operators Relational Operators Logical Operators Conditional Operators Bitwise Operators Special Operators C Arithmetic Operators An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction and multiplication on numerical values (constants and variables). Operator Meaning of Operator + addition or unary plus - subtraction or unary minus * multiplication / d
Read more