List of all Keywords in C Language

September 25, 2018

List of all Keywords in C Language

This tutorial provides a brief information on all 32 keywords in C programming.

Keywords in C Programming
auto	break	case	char
const	continue	default	do
double	else	enum	extern
float	for	goto	if
int	long	register	return
short	signed	sizeof	static
struct	switch	typedef	union
unsigned	void	volatile	while

Description of all Keywords in C

auto

The auto keyword declares automatic variables. For example:

auto int var1;

This statement suggests that var1 is a variable of storage class auto and type int.

Variables declared within function bodies are automatic by default. They are recreated each time a function is executed.

Since, automatic variables are local to a function, they are also called local variables.

break and continue

The break statement makes program jump out of the innermost enclosing loop (while, do, for or switch statements) explicitly.

The continue statement skips the certain statements inside the loop.

for (i=1;i<=10;++i)
{
   if (i==3)
   continue;
   if (i==7)
   break;
   printf("%d ",i);
}

Output

1 2 4 5 6

When i is equal to 3, continue statement comes into effect and skips 3. When i is equal to 7, break statement comes into effect and terminates the for loop. T

switch, case and default

The switch and case statement is used when a block of statements has to be executed among many blocks. For example:

switch(expression)
{
    case '1':
    //some statements to execute when 1
    break;
    case '5':
    //some statements to execute when 5
    break;
    default:
    //some statements to execute when default;
}

char

The char keyword declares a character variable. For example:

char alphabet;

Here, alphabet is a character type variable.

const

An identifier can be declared constant by using const keyword.

const int a = 5;

do...while

int i;
do 
{
   print("%d ",i);
   i++;
}
while (i<10)

double and float

Keywords double and float are used for declaring floating type variables. For example:

float number;
double longNumber;

Here, number is single precision floating type variable whereas, longNumber is a double precision floating type variable.

if and else

In C programming, if and else are used to make decisions.

if (i == 1)
   printf("i is 1.")
else
   prinf("i is not 1.")

If value of i is other than 1, output will be :

i is not 1

enum

Enumeration types are declared in C programming using keyword enum. For example:

enum suit
{
    hearts;
    spades;
    clubs;
    diamonds;
};

Here, a enumerated variable suit is created having tags: hearts, spades, clubs and diamonds.

extern

The extern keyword declares that a variable or a function has external linkage outside of the file it is declared.

for

There are three types of loops in C programming. The for loop is written in C programming using keyword for. For example:

for (i=0; i< 9;++i)
{
  printf("%d ",i);
}

Output

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

goto

The goto keyword is used for unconditional jump to a labeled statement inside a function. For example:

for(i=1; i<5; ++i)
{
    if (i==10)
    goto error;
}
printf("i is not 10");
error:
    printf("Error, count cannot be 10.");

Output

Error, count cannot be 10.

int

The int keyword declares integer type variable. For example:

int count;

Here, count is a integer variable.

short, long, signed and unsigned

The short, long, signed and unsigned keywodrs are type modifiers that alters the meaning of a base data type to yield a new type.

short int smallInteger;
long int bigInteger;
signed int normalInteger;
unsigned int positiveInteger;

Range of int type data types
Data types	Range
short int	-32768 to 32767
long int	-2147483648 to 214743648
signed int	-32768 to 32767
unsigned int	0 to 65535

return

The return keyword terminates the function and returns the value.

int func()
{
    int b = 5;
    return b;
}

This function func() returns 5 to the calling function.

sizeof

The sizeof keyword evaluates the size of data (a variable or a constant).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    printf("%u bytes.",sizeof(char));
}

Output

1 bytes.

register

The register keyword creates register variables which are much faster than normal variables.

register int var1;

static

The static keyword creates static variable. The value of the static variables persists until the end of the program. For example:

static int var;

struct

The struct keyword is used for declaring a structure. A structure can hold variables of different types under a single name.

struct student{
    char name[80];
     float marks;
     int age;
}s1, s2;

typedef

The typedef keyword is used to explicitly associate a type with an identifier.

typedef float kg;
kg bear, tiger;

union

A Union is used for grouping different types of variable under a single name.

union student 
{
    char name[80];
    float marks;
    int age;
}

void

The void keyword indicates that a function doesn't return any value.

void testFunction(int a)
{
  .....
}

Here, function testFunction( ) cannot return a value because the return type is void.

volatile

The volatile keyword is used for creating volatile objects. A volatile object can be modified in an unspecified way by the hardware.

const volatile number

Here, number is a volatile object.

Since, number is a constant variable, the program cannot change it. However, hardware can change it since it is a volatile object.

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